Clara Peeters

Un visiteur photographie deux natures mortes florales encadrées sur un mur de musée sombre.
À l'apogée du baroque, Clara Peeters (vers 1587 - après 1637) élève la nature morte à un niveau supérieur. Cette pionnière parmi les Maîtres flamands est alors déjà appréciée dans le monde entier. Venez découvrir l'œuvre de cette contemporaine de Rubens dans sa ville natale d'Anvers.

La reine de la nature morte

Au XVIIe siècle, le baroque est à son apogée à Anvers. De grands noms, comme Pierre Paul Rubens et Antoon van Dyck, sont des représentants de cette période fastueuse. Clara Peeters, la reine de la nature morte, fait également partie de cette liste. Elle vit et travaille à Anvers. Elle est probablement une élève d'Osias Beert, un peintre de natures mortes renommé.    

Mais Clara Peeters est bien plus que cela. Très vite, elle devient elle-même une pionnière dans le développement de la nature morte en tant que genre. Elle sait, comme personne d'autre, donner vie au quotidien. Elle commence prudemment, par de petites scènes détaillées représentant des mets et des boissons. En cela, elle fait déjà preuve d'un immense talent. Ses natures mortes évoluent ensuite vers des compositions plus riches, avec des objets précieux, tels que des coupes en métal décorées, des pièces d'or et des fleurs exotiques.    

Plus tard dans sa carrière, elle peint des scènes de banquet élaborées, avec des bouquets de fleurs colorés, du pain moelleux, des poissons glissants, de la porcelaine brillante et du verre réfléchissant. Clara Peeters a pour habitude d'ajouter un autoportrait miniature, par exemple, dans le reflet d'une cruche. 

Clara Peeters, Stilleven met vis, inv.nr. 834, foto Hugo Maertens, Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen - Collectie V_© Fille Roelants

Reconnaissance internationale

De Paris à Londres, de Hambourg à Bruxelles. Après sa mort, l'œuvre de Peeters se retrouve dans toute l'Europe. Ses natures mortes font alors déjà partie de la florissante économie d'exportation de peintures d'Anvers.  

Clara Peeters – détail de Fleurs dans un vase avec une souris grignotant

Clara Peeters en Flandre

De nos jours, une quarantaine d'œuvres de Clara Peeters sont connues. On trouve ses œuvres dans le monde entier, mais c'est à Anvers qu'on apprend le mieux à la connaître. 

  • Au Musée royal des Beaux-Arts d'Anvers (KMSKA), vous pouvez admirer son chef-d'œuvre Nature morte au poisson. Si les chefs-d'œuvre flamands jouissent d'une renommée mondiale, ils finissent toujours par revenir en Flandre. « Nature morte au poisson » fait ainsi actuellement le tour du monde dans le cadre d'une exposition consacrée aux femmes artistes. Le tableau reviendra toutefois au KMSKA en juin 2026. 

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📷
Self-portrait, undated, unsigned, Private Collection
Gallery views © Martin Corlazzoli

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