Jan van Eyck

Van Eyck, Lam Gods © www.lukasweb.be - Art in Flanders vzw

Jan van Eyck (ca. 1390– 1441) era un uomo che puntava alla qualità, piuttosto che alla quantità. Purtroppo, oggigiorno sono sopravvissuti solo una ventina delle sue opere. Per lo sguardo acuto, la caratteristica pennellata e l’uso del colore rappresentano un vero apice artistico. L’Adorazione dell’Agnello Mistico di Van Eyck rappresenta uno dei picchi della storia dell’arte europea. Il grande Jan van Eyck trasformò per sempre l’arte pittorica occidentale.

Jan van Eyck, il genio dietro l’Agnello Mistico

Figura di spicco dei Primitivi Fiamminghi, già ai suoi tempi era riconosciuto quale artista di grande valore. Introdusse nell’arte pittorica un particolare realismo. Van Eyck riproduceva la realtà con precisione, aiutato da una raffinata tecnica ad olio. Stupendi paesaggi, fauna e flora, le nuvole e la luna non erano mai stati riprodotti così fedelmente. Van Eyck dipingeva la luce come mai nessuno prima di lui. Inoltre, fu uno dei primi artisti a firmare le sue opere. Tutti questi elementi fecero di lui un rivoluzionario dell’arte. Il grande Jan van Eyck trasformò per sempre l’arte pittorica occidentale.

L’apice di questa eredità è senza dubbio l’Adorazione dell’Agnello Mistico, anche noto semplicemente come Agnello Mistico o Polittico di Gent. Il fratello Hubert Van Eyck pose le basi per il capolavoro, completato poi da Jan nel 1432. L’opera ottenne quindi un posto nella Cattedrale di San Bavone di Gent.

L’inaugurazione segnò l’avvio di una storia turbolenta. Nel corso dei secoli, l’Agnello Mistico fu infatti rubato o portato via (talvolta in parte) dalla Cattedrale per ben sette volte. Ancora oggi, il pannello dei Giudici Giusti risulta disperso.

L’interno di una splendida cattedrale mostra un’opera d’arte a pannelli multipli in una teca di vetro, con vetrate colorate vivaci e sculture intricate, che trasmettono riverenza.
Ritratto di una donna in abbigliamento del XV secolo, con un abito rosso e un elaborato copricapo bianco. Appare solenne, incorniciata da un bordo in legno.

L’opera magna di Van Eyck troneggia ora nella cattedrale di Gent in una versione restaurata. Un minuzioso lavoro di ripristino durato anni ha riportato alla luce l’antico splendore, la ricchezza dei colori e il sottile gioco di luce, ombra e prospettiva dell’Agnello Mistico.

Grazie all’impareggiabile capolavoro, il nome di Van Eyck è indissolubilmente legato a Gent, malgrado egli avesse stretti legami anche con Bruges. Fu lì che Jan van Eyck allestì il suo atelier, trascorrendovi gli ultimi anni di vita. Il Groeningemuseum è un luogo fondamentale per conoscere il maestro fiammingo, ma anche il Museo Reale delle Belle Arti di Anversa (KMSKA) espone due suoi capolavori, a conferma che le Fiandre sono un luogo onirico dove farsi sopraffare dal genio di Van Eyck.

Van Eyck e le Fiandre

Jan van Eyck era un uomo che puntava alla qualità, piuttosto che alla quantità. O perlomeno, così pare dalla sua opera arrivata sino a noi. Ci sono infatti giunti solo una ventina di suoi lavori, sparsi un po’ in tutto il mondo. Cinque capolavori si trovano nelle Fiandre. E meritano certamente un’occhiata.

Un gruppo di angeli medievali con capelli ricci e corone ornate canta da un libro aperto. Le loro espressioni sono serene, trasmettendo armonia e devozione.

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